AGRIC SCIENCE JSS1 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE
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AGRIC SCIENCE JSS1 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE
Second Term
Meaning, Types and Characteristics of Farm Animals
Characteristic Features of Some Farm Animals and their Distribution in Nigeria
Factors Affecting the Distribution of Livestock in Nigeria
Classification of Farm Animals based on Size and Habitat
Classification of Animals based on Mode of Reproduction
Classification of Animals based on Stomach Types and Feeding Pattern
Uses of Farm Animals
JSS1 Agricultural Science Second Term Examination (Mock)
MEANING, TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FARM ANIMALS
CONTENT
1. Meaning of Farm Animals
2. Types of Farm Animals
3. Characteristics of Farm Animals
Meaning of Farm Animals
Farm animals are animals that are reared by man for different purposes such as
food supply, income generation, clothing materials, etc. Examples include goats,
sheep, rabbits, poultry, cattle, pigs, fish, snails, etc.
Types of Farm Animals
The following are the forms of farm animals:
1. Work animals
2. Dairy animals
3. Guard animals
4. Poultry
5. Pets
6. Aquatic animals
1. Work Animals:
These are animals that are used for work on the farm.
They are used for carrying loads, ploughing, harrowing and ridging e.g cattle,
[Sokoto Gudali, White Fulani], (in forms of bull and bullock). Such animals are
called draught animals. The normal output of a working bull is about 500W compared to that of a man
which about 75W.
Work animals are also used for transportation and carrying of load e.g. horses,
camels and donkeys. Such animals are referred to as beasts of burden. They have the ability to survive or travel long distance without water.
Characteristics of Work Animals
The following are the characteristics of work animals:
1. They are well built with good body conformation.
2. They can survive or travel long distance without water.
3. They are rugged and have very great strength.
4. They have strong hind limbs.
5. They are docile and tolerant.
AGRIC SCIENCE JSS1 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE
2. Dairy Animals:
These are animals reared purposely for milk production. Examples are cattle
[White Fulani, Sokoto Gudali, Red Bororo]; Goats [Nubian goats, Jumnapari
and Surti of India]. Milk provides protein, vitamins and minerals.
Characteristics of Diary Animals
1. They are lean and have angular form of body.
2. They have well developed mammary gland called udder.
3. They have high food conversion efficiency for production of milk.
4. They have light weight.
5. They are easy to handle/less aggressive.
3. Guard Animals:
These are animals domesticated or tamed and used for protecting life and
property from danger. Examples are dogs, parrot, cat, geese, guinea fowl,
Ilamas etc. Dog is the most commonly used guard animal.
Characteristics of Guard Animals
1. They are easily controlled.
2. They are intelligent.
3. They have natural curiosity.
4. They can be trained and tamed to suit our purpose e.g security.
5. They are sensitive to human behaviour.
4. Poultry:
These are domesticated birds raised mainly for food, meat and eggs and other
purposes e.g feather and manure. Examples of poultry birds are domestic fowl,
guinea fowl, turkey, goose, ducks, ostrich, quails, pigeon etc.
Characteristics of Poultry
1. Poultry birds have medium body size.
2. They do not give birth to their young ones alive [they lay eggs].
3. They have simple stomach.
4. They are prolific animals, i.e they lay and hatch many eggs into chicks.
5. Their body is covered with feathers and they have two legs cover with
scales.
6. They are best managed by intensive system.
7. The mouth is modified to form a beak.
8. They feed mainly on grains.
5. Pets:
These are animals kept for pleasure and companionship e.g. dog, cat.
They are treated with great care and affection. They are mostly beautiful and
attractive in terms of colour, body size, and general appearance.
Other examples are parrots, canaries, pigeon, monkeys, peacock, gold fish
(reared in quarium), rabbits e.g. Dutch etc.
Characteristics of Pets
1. They are easily domesticated.
2. They are beautiful.
3. They are loyal and playful.
4. They live freely with human beings.
5. They can feed on human food.
6. They can be trained to be harmless.
7. They are friendly.
6. Aquatic Animals:
These are animals that live inside water like rivers, lakes, dams, ponds, streams,
oceans and seas.
There are two aquatic habitat: fresh water and marine.
Examples are prawn, oysters, lobsters, crabs, periwinkles, turtles, squids, shrimps,
fish, frogs etc. Fish is the most commonly domesticated and populous among aquatic animals.
Characteristics of Aquatic Animals
1. They live, feed and reproduce in water.
2. Fish possess gills for respiration in water.
3. Some have smooth skins e.g catfish while some have scales e.g tilapia.
4. They are cold- blooded i.e unable to maintain and regulate their body
temperature.
5. They lay eggs which later hatched to
6. Fish has streamlined body for easy movement in water.
7. A fish uses a special sense organ called the lateral line to detect events in its environment.
AGRIC SCIENCE JSS1 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE
EVALUATION
1. Mention three examples of the following: (i) Aquatic animals (ii) Poultry
2. State three characteristics of dairy animals.
3. ………….. is the respiratory organ of fish.
Characteristic Features of Some Farm Animals and their Distribution in
Nigeria
CONTENT
Characteristics and Distribution of;
1. Cattle
2. Cheep
3. Goats
4. Pigs
5. Rabbits
6. Poultry
7. Horses
Basic Characteristic Features of Farm Animals
Farm animals have certain basic features that make them belong to a particular group.
These characteristics help to differentiate them from other forms of animals and also
enable some of the animals to adapt to their natural habitat.
Examples of farm animals include: Cattle, Sheep, Goat, Pig, Poultry, Rabbit, Fish, Snails,
Guinea pig, Donkeys and Horses.
Distribution refers to where they can be found, or where they are commonly reared.
The types of farm animals found in Nigeria, whether local or exotic (imported) are as
follows:
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Cattle
Cattle belong to the group of hoofed mammals.
Some are humped (Bos indicus) e.g. Sokoto Gudali, Red bororo and White Fulani while others are humpless (Bos taurus) e.g. Muturu and N’dama.
Some cattle are used as work animals e.g. Sokoto Gudali, White Fulani, N’dama, e.t.c.
Some are resistance to trypanosomiasis e.g. N’dama, Muturu and Keteku.
They are prevalence in the northern parts of country due to abundance
grassland and absence of tse-tse flies which act as vector of a deadly animal
disease called trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).
Cattle are raised mainly for meat and milk.
AGRIC SCIENCE JSS1 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE
Characteristics of Cattle
1. Cattle are ruminant animals.
2. They are large -bodied animals.
3. They feed on herbage and pasture.
4. A female calves once in a year with one calf per parturition.
5. They have large udder with four glands .
6. They have four pairs of hoofs on each limb.
7. Beef cattle are lighter than the dairy type.
Breeds of Cattle and their Distribution in Nigeria
Sheep
They originated from Iran or Iraq in Asia.
Sheep is raised in all countries of the world mostly for meat, milk and wool.
Characteristics of Sheep
1. They are medium-bodied ruminants.
2. They are dull in appearance and sometimes stupid in behaviour.
3. They have long and drooping earlobes
4. Only the males have horns except Ouda.
5. Females are polled while males have horns.
6. The males are heavily manned.
Examples of Sheep/Breeds of Sheep and their Distribution
1. Balami, (north)
2. The Fulani (Ouda), (north)
3. Yankasa (Hausa), (north)
4. West African Dwarf(WAD) Sheep (south)
5. Merino (imported)
6. Lohi etc (imported)
EVALUATION
1. State five farm animals that are raised in Nigeria.
2. Mention four characteristics each of (i) Cattle and (ii) Sheep.
Goats
They are important ruminants that can adapt and maintain themselves in very
harsh environment. They can withstand diseases, high temperature and can survive
where other animals cannot. Hence, they are described as being tough and hardy.
Goats are raised for meat, milk and skin.
Characteristics of Goats
1. They are medium bodied animals.
2. Both sexes have horns.
3. Goats are scavengers and very inquisitive.
4. The males are often with beards
5. They can browse many forage plants
6. They produce the best milk free from cholesterol.
Examples of goats are:
1. Fulani (Sahel), (north)
2. Kano brown, (north)
3. Anglo-Nubian (milk producer and imported)
4. West African Dwarf ( WAD) goat ( meat producer found in the south)
5. Angora (wool producer and imported)
6. Sokoto Red (north)
7. Saanen etc (imported)
Pigs
They are the most productive of all farm animals. A sow can produce between 8 and 16 litters at a time.
Hence, they are described as being highly prolific animals.
Pigs are raised for meat and lard (fat).
Characteristics of Pigs
1. They are monogastric animals and mostly omnivorous.
2. They are good converters of feed into meat.
3. They mature early and can breed anytime of the year. (i.e. polyestrous)
4. Pig production requires small initial capital with high return.
5. They have short gestation period of 114 days (3 months 3 weeks and 3days).
AGRIC SCIENCE JSS1 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE
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