AGRIC SCIENCE PRIMARY 5 SECOND TERM

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AGRIC SCIENCE PRIMARY 5 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

SECOND TERM E - NOTES

CLASS: BASIC FIVE

SUBJECT: AGRIC SCIENCE

 

 

WEEK         TOPIC

1.       HOW TO RAISE CROPS

2.       PROCEDURE FOR RAISING FARM CROPS

3.       RAISING SCHOOL FARM

4.       GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LIVESTOCK                                                  PRODUCTION

5.       ANIMAL PRODUCTION

6.       CARE OF ANIMALS

7.       SPECIC NEEDS OF YOUNG ANIMALS FOR                                            HEALTHY GROWTH  

8.       SPECIC NEEDS OF YOUNG ANIMALS CONT.

9.       EFFECTS OF LACK OF CARE ON FARM ANIMALS

10.      REVISION

 

Class:- Basic 5

Subject:- Agricultural Science

Week:- 2

Topic:  How to raise crops

Behavioral objective:- At the end of the lesson the pupils should be able to:-

1. Differentiate between field crop and cereals

2. State the procedures for raising field crop and cereals 

Instructional material/Reference material:-  Learn Africa Basic Agricultural Science UBE edition for primary school book 5

Building Background /connection to prior knowledge : Students are familiar with the various examples of field crop

Content

 AGRIC SCIENCE PRIMARY 5 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

HOW TO RAISE CROPS

EXAMPLES OF FIELD CROPS

 

1. Cereals - rice, maize, millet, corn

2. Legumes - beans, cowpea, soya beans

3. Tubers - examples are yam/cassava

PROCEDURE FIR RAISING FIELD CROPS

How to raise legume crops

In the country, the most common legume crops grown are cowpeas, soya beans, bambara nuts and groundnuts. Legumes are generally rich in protein. Groundnut is also rich in fat and oil. Legume crops grow well on sandy loam soil and under an average rainfall of 500 –1 000 ml.

Land clearing

Vegetation is cleared off the land to be planted. The cut vegetation is packed and burnt. The land has to be cleared of bush either by tractor or by human labor. After clearing, it is better to leave the dead leaves, stems and roots to decay on the soil. Do not burn the remains of the plants so as not to destroy the soil.

Planting

Legumes are planted on ridges or flats. Only good seeds are selected for sowing.

This is carried out at the beginning of the rainy season.

Weeding

The first weeding is done with hoes about three weeks after germination. A second or third weeding may be done by hand picking.

Tilling and stumping

The soil is plough and stumps are removed. Stumps are uprooted and

Packed away Land for growing legume crops requires light tillage. Animal traction maybe used for making ridges. Tractors or hoes May also be used.

Ridges and mounds making

This is done by heaping to soil into a row. Ridging is good for better crop yield. Ridging soften the soil. It brings nutrients closer to the plant roots.

Fertilizer application

In the cultivation of legumes, fertilizer is usually not applied. However, where necessary, fertilizer is applied after the first weeding is done, that is, about three weeks after germination. Fertilizer may be applied in ring form or in holes.

Harvesting

It is the pods which legumes produce that are harvested. Harvesting is done when the pods are mature and dry. Harvested pods are sundried and shelled to release the seeds.

 AGRIC SCIENCE PRIMARY 5 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

Processing and preservation

Shelled or threshed legume seeds are separated from the pods by winnowing. The seeds are dried again in the sun to reduce the moisture content. They are then packed in metal or plastic containers or in jute bags. They are also treated with

Chemical to prevent weevil attack.

HOW TO RAISE CEREAL

How to raise cereal crops

The cereal crops commonly grown in Nigeria are maize, rice, sorghum, millet and guinea corn. These crops feed and grow mainly on the top soil because of their fibrous shallow root system.

Let us now go through the processes of raising cereal crops.

Evaluation:-

1. List four cereal crops

2. List four legume crops

3. List three tuber crops

4. Explain the following procedures for raising field crops

(a) Land clearing -

(b) Tilling and stumping -

(c) Ridges and mounds making -

 

 

 

 

 

 

Class:- Basic 5

Subject:- Agricultural Science

Week:- 3

Topic:  Procedure for raising farm crops

Behavioral objective:- At the end of the lesson the pupils should be able to:-

1. States the procedures for raising farm crop

Instructional material/Reference material:- Learn Africa Basic Agricultural Science UBE edition for primary school book 5

Building Background /connection to prior knowledge : Students are familiar with the various examples of field crop

Content

PROCEDURE FOR RAISING FARM CROPS

Procedure for raising farm crops

(i). land clearing

(ii). Tilling/Stumping

(iii). Ridge/mound

(iv). Making

(v). Planting in rows with spaces between plants

(vi). Regular weeding

(vii). Fertilizing

(viii). Harvesting

(ix). Processing/preservation

(x). Storage

(xi). Marketing

1. PLANTING

Planting can be on ridges or mounds or beds. A spacing of 20-50cm is kept for ridges. Also a spacing of 40-100cm is kept between one crop and the other. The actual spacing depends of crops and the season of planting. Spacing makes weeding easy, makes manuring easy and prevents overcrowding of plants thereby allowing the plants to access sunlight.

  AGRIC SCIENCE PRIMARY 5 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

Planting can be through:

1. Sowing seeds: grain crops are usually grown by sowing their seeds in ridges or beds or on a flat land. Examples are soya bean, maize, and groundnut.

2. Stem cutting: field crops like cassava are produced by planting some parts of their stems.

3. Tuber seeds: some field crops like yam and cocoyam are raised by planting small parts of the tuber called tuber seeds.

Land clearing

Cereal crops grow well on land with low forest growth. Land for planting is cleared of shrubs, weed sand grass. Cut materials are packed and burnt. The land is now ready for stumping and tillage.

Stumping

This is the removal of tree stumps to make farming operations easy. Stumps are removed with hoes, cutlasses, pick axes or graders.

Tilling

This is the breaking or loosening of the soil to provide a favorable condition for planting of crops. This will make it easy for air and water to enter the soil. Tilling can be done using a cutlass, hoe, spade, fork or rake.

Ridge/mound making

This is the moving of the soil in to straight ridges, or heaping of the soil in to mounds. For a small area of land, e.g. the school farm, the land is marked out with pegs and ropes before the ridges are made. Ridges and mounds are usually made with a hoe. Few rains of the year. Correct planting spacing issued on the beds for sowing the seeds about 5cm deep.   Seeds are planted at the sides of the mounds or ridges. Rice is usually planted on flats. Two or three grains are dropped into one hole and covered with soil. The grains germinate in about five days.

Weeding

Weeding is carried out about three weeks after planting. During weeding, ridges or mounds that may have been washed off, a real so remolded. Weeding may be repeated after four weeks.

Fertilizer application

Fertilizer is applied to the crop after weeding. The application may be in a ring form, in holes or by broadcasting, depending on the type of cereal planted. The application may be repeated after four weeks.

Harvesting

Some cereals produce flowers about two months after planting. They produce mature grains about one month after. Cereals like maize can be harvested green for food.

Planting

Cereals are grown through grains or seeds only good grains.

Processing and preservation

Cereals like rice, sorghum and guinea corn are threshed after harvesting. The pure grains are removed by winnowing. Maize cobs are shelled to remove the grains.

Evaluation:-

1. Explain how crops can be planted

2. Explain the processes involved in planting

3. What are seed tubers used for?

 

 AGRIC SCIENCE PRIMARY 5 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

Class:- Basic 5

Subject:- Agricultural Science

Week:- 4

Topic: Raising school farm

Behavioral objective:- At the end of the lesson the pupils should be able to:-

1. explain the meaning of school farm 

2. States the procedures for preparing a school farm 

Instructional material/Reference material:-  Learn Africa Basic Agricultural Science UBE edition for primary school book 5

Building Background /connection to prior knowledge: Students have been to their school farm

Content

RAISING SCHOOL FARM

A school farm is a small farm for growing crops like cassava, maize, millet etc. It is usually located at the backyard of the school.

WAYS OF PREPARING A SCHOOL FARM

1. Land clearing

The land has to be cleared of bush by hand by using cutlass, hoes, shovels, etc. After clearing the land, it is better to leave the dead leaves, stems and roots to decay into the soil (the serves as manure)

2. Manuring

Manure is applied to the farm land and mixed together with the soil to make it fertile.

3. Weeding

After planting and the crops are growing, we should constantly remove weeds from the farm. This can be done by the use of hoe or by spraying with weed killer.

4. Fencing

The school farm is fenced to prevent pests/animals like rats, goats, bats etc from entering inside the farm and destroying crops

 

Raise school farm (practical)

(i). Prepare materials for planting

(ii). Prepare the land for planting using farm tools

(iii). Participate in the planting of crops

(iv). Care for the farm

Evaluationv:-

1. Explain the meaning of a school farm

2. List four crops grown on a school farm

3. Explain the following

(a) Land clearing -

(b) Manuring -

(c) Fencing -

(d) Weeding -

 

  AGRIC SCIENCE PRIMARY 5 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

Class:- Basic 5

Subject:- Agricultural Science

Week:- 5

Topic: General requirements for livestock production

Behavioral objective:- At the end of the lesson the pupils should be able to:-

1. Explain the meaning of livestock production

2. State types of animal houses

Instructional material/Reference material:-  Learn Africa Basic Agricultural Science UBE edition for primary school book 5

Building Background /connection to prior knowledge : Students understand that animals are also known as livestock.

Content

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

Livestock production (animal husbandry) is another farming activity apart from crop plant farming. It can also be called animal farming.

Things that are needed for successful livestock production are:

1. Housing

2. Food

3. Care of farm animals

HOUSING

Housing is a major requirement for livestock production. Even animals that are allowed to move about should still have a farm house. Animal houses are necessary to protect them from rain, sun, wind, parasites, thieves, predators etc

TYPES OF ANIMAL HOUSES

1. Cage: this is used for rearing chicken. It could be made of bamboo, wood or wire mesh.

2. Brooder: brooder is used for rearing chicks

3. Hutch:  this is a small wooden cage for rearing rabbits and guinea pigs

 

Evaluation:-

1. Explain the meaning of livestock production

2. What are the things necessary for livestock production

3. Why are animal houses necessary?

4. List three types of animal houses

  AGRIC SCIENCE PRIMARY 5 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

Class:- Basic 5

Subject:- Agricultural Science

Week:- 6

Topic: Animal production - How to raise livestock

Behavioral objective:- At the end of the lesson the pupils should be able to:-

1. Explain how to care for sick animal

2. State the steps in raising livestock

Instructional material/Reference material:-  Learn Africa Basic Agricultural Science UBE edition for primary school book 5

Building Background /connection to prior knowledge : Students have learnt about the general requirement for livestock production.

Content

 AGRIC SCIENCE PRIMARY 5 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

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