BASIC SCIENCE BASIC 4 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

ALL LESSON NOTES 

| QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

| JOBS 

| TRAININGS FOR TEACHERS

| WORKSHEETS

 BASIC SCIENCE BASIC 4 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

Week         Topic

1.                REVISION

2.                SOIL

3.                GROWING PLANT

4.               GROWING PLANT CONT.

5.               PLANTS (WEEDS)

6.              PEST AND DISEASES

7.              WATER

8.             HUMAN BODY (FEEDING SYSTEM)

9.             ADEQUATE DIET (BALANCES DIET)

10.           HARMFUL FOODS

Class:- Basic 4
Subject:- Basis science 
Week:- 2
Topic:  Composition of soil

Behavioral objective:- By the end of the lesson, the pupils should have attained the following objectives (cognitive, affective and psychomotor) and should be able to – 

1. Define soil

2. State the kind of soil

3. Explain the properties of soil  

Instructional material/Reference material:-  Learn Africa Basic Science UBE edition for primary school book 4, picture, chart.

Building Background /connection to prior knowledge : Students have learnt that soil is the top most layer of the earth on which they live .

CONTENT

.The composition of soil

Soil is made up of particles of different sizes. Besides soil particles, there are many other things in the soil. All plants grow in the soil, and their roots are inside the soil. Some animals live in the soil but, from time to time, they come to the surface. When plants and animals die, their dead bodies remain in the soil where they become rotten and later form part of the soil as humus. Let us find out more about things in the soil.

Things in the soil

Many living things can be found in the soil. Some animals like earthworms and termites can only live inside the soil. Living plants and animals are not the only things in the soil. The soil also contains parts of dead plants and animals.

Types of soil

There are three main types of soil and these are:-

1. Loamy soil

2. Sandy soil

3. Clayey soil

Air in the soil

Soil particles have spaces between them. As you probably know, what is in these spaces is air.

Properties of soils

We have found out that soil is made up of particles of different sizes. Some are large and some are small. We will now learn more about soil particles and how soils are different in the way they allow water to pass through them

Soil particles

We can find out about the different particles of soil if we shake up the mixture of soil in water and allow this soil and water mixture to settle down

 BASIC SCIENCE BASIC 4 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

Assessment & Evaluation:

1.    Define soil

2.    State the kinds of soil

3.    Explain soil properties

WRAP UP (CONCLUSION) Teacher goes over the topic once again for better understanding.

Assignment:

Where can we find soil particles

 BASIC SCIENCE BASIC 4 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

Class:- Basic 4

Subject:- Basis science 

Week:- 3 and 4

Topic:  Growing of Plants  

Behavioral objective:- By the end of the lesson, the pupils should have attained the following objectives (cognitive, affective and psychomotor) and should be able to – 

1. List the gardening tools and explain their uses

2. List the things that plants needs to grow well

Instructional material/Reference material:-  Learn Africa Basic Science UBE edition for primary school book 4, picture, chart showing gardening tools.

Building Background /connection to prior knowledge : Students are familiar with various garden flower.

CONTENT

GROWING OF PLANTS

Plants are important to human beings. We grow different kinds of plants such as food crops, cash crops, flowers, medicinal plants and timber plants. By learning how plants grow, and finding out what we can do to help them grow well, we place ourselves in a position to increase the benefits we obtain from plants.

Plants are important to human beings.

 We grow different kinds of plants such as food crops, cash crops, flowers, medicinal plants and timber plants.

GARDENING TOOLS

Common gardening tools include:

WATERING CAN

It is made up of galvanized iron which prevents it from rusting. Some are also made of very synthetic rubber. The water watering can is made up of a tank, a handle and a spout. This spout is long with a perforated metal sheet over its mouth which is referred to as the ROSE, but in case of the rubber made watering can the mouth is covered by a rubber.
It is used to apply water to crops like seedlings in a nursery and vegetables. Sometimes it is used in applying liquid fertilizers to crops as well as the watering of cement blocks used for the constructions of structures and buildings.
 BASIC SCIENCE BASIC 4 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

CUTLASS

The cutlass is one of the commonest used farm tools in Nigeria. They come in various shapes and sizes. It is a flat long metal blade with a short wooden or plastic handle with one edge sharp while the other is blunt.

They perform many functions. It is used for the clearing of bushes around your homes, for the felling of big trees. It is used in harvesting crops like sugar cane, maize, cassava, yam and palm nut fruits. It is also used in the planting of melon during the planting season, cutlass can also be used for the transplanting of seedlings, weeding of crops, both in the digging of shallow holes and used in the trimming and pruning of flowers.
THE HOE

Hoe comes in different types, which are used in Nigeria today. There is the West African hoe and the Indian hoe. They both have metal blades with wooden or metal blades.

Hoes are used in tilling the soil, harvesting of crops like cassava, sweet potato and cocoyam, weeding between the rows of crops, digging of drains, making trenches and foundation of farm houses, and the making of ridges and mounds.

The hoes all over the world perform the same function but we are going to differentiate them the West African hoe is made of short curve handle while the Indian hoe has a long handle.

The West African hoe has a round metal blade while the Indian hoe has a rectangular metal blade. The blade (metal) is attached to the handle with a prong while that of the Indian hoe is attached to the handle with a hoop.

THE SPADE

The spade is made up of a long rectangular flat blade which is attached to a fairly long cylindrical handle that widens at the posterior end to form a triangular block with a D-shaped whole for hand when used.

Spade is used for different proposes. It can be used for digging of holes and trenches around us, for leveling the ground, for making seedbeds, ridges, mounds and heaps, transplanting of seedlings like palm oil seedlings, turning the soil and the mixing of manures, light weeding in the farm and at home, mixing of cement and concrete for farm and home structures and the digging of foundations when constructing farm and home buildings.

RAKE

The rake is a farm tool which consists of a very long wooden handle with a strong metal head attached to its base. The metal head has several prongs which are very important to enable the rake perform its functions.

Uses of the Rake

The rake is used by farmers in Nigeria to perform the following functions:

a. To spread the soil evenly after hoeing.

b. To remove stones and weeds from seed-beds.

c. It is used to cover vegetable seeds after broadcasting

d. The rake is used to break soil lumps into smaller particles

 BASIC SCIENCE BASIC 4 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

WHEELBARROW

The wheelbarrow is a common farm tool which is seen almost every day in major cities of Nigeria. It is a large metal container with a wheel at the front, two handles at the rear and two legs under the base also at the rear. It is pushed by lifting the two handles slightly upward.

Uses of the Wheelbarrow

The major use of the wheelbarrow as a farm tool is to carry and transport farm inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and farm outputs such as harvested crops, slaughtered animals and other load from the farm to the market or other places. It is also used to transplant seedlings

Conditions for growing crops

The things needed for growing healthy plants are adequate water, air, sunlight and nutrients.  Plants obtain water from rain that has fallen on the soil. However, a farmer may provide additional water to plants by watering them. When plants are given adequate spacing one from another in a farm, they can obtain adequate sunlight and air.

Fertile soils have enough nutrients for healthy growth of plants. If, however a soil is not fertile, fertilizers must be added to it to make plants grow well. Compost manure, animal dung and chemical fertilizers are forms of fertilizers.

 BASIC SCIENCE BASIC 4 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

Preparing land for growing crops

Before we grow crops, it is necessary to prepare the garden.

When plants are young, they grow better if the soil is soft.

Making garden beds and sowing seeds

Materials required

School garden, hoe, string, some sticks about 50 cm long, cutlass, rake, seeds of okra, maize, tomato, pepper, water.

Procedure

1. Go to the school garden. Select an area which has been used for growing any crop.

2. Remove all the weeds, grass and any other plants in the area you have selected. Rake all the cut plants and pile them in one corner of the area.

3. Use the hoe to dig up the soil into long beds. Tie the string to two sticks and use the string as a line to make sure that your beds are straight. Make at least four beds.

4. So the okra, maize, tomato and pepper seeds in each bed like this:

a) Use your cutlass to make a shallow hole in the bed.

b) Place about eight seeds in each hole and cover them with soil.

c) Place a small stick near the place where you have sown the seeds.

5. Water the seeds you have sown. Do not put too much water.

6. Write down the date.

Taking care of growing plants

Materials required

Your school garden, cutlass, hoe, watering can with water, dead and rotting plants, a stone.

Procedure

Visit your garden every morning. Look carefully at the plants growing. Look out for any grasshopper, caterpillar or beetle eating the leaves and stems of the plants. Shake off the insects from the plants and kill them with a stone.

Caution

1. Do not touch hairy caterpillars with your hands. They may sting you.

2. Put the dead and rotting plants all round the bottom of the growing plants. This is called mulching. It helps the plants to grow better.

3. Water your plants every day, especially during the hot dry season months of October, November, December and January.

4. Remove plants which are strange in the beds. These are plants which you did not sow and they are growing where they are not wanted. Such plants are called weeds.

Assessment & Evaluation: 

 BASIC SCIENCE BASIC 4 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

1.list the gardening tools and explain their uses

2. list the things that plants needs to grow well

WRAP UP (CONCLUSION) Teacher goes over the topic once again for better understanding.

Assignment:

1. List six gardening tools and explain their uses

2. List three things that plants needs to grow well

(a) ___________________________________

(b) ___________________________________

(c) ___________________________________

Class:- Basic 4
Subject:- Basis science 
Week:- 5
Topic:  PlANTS: WEED

Behavioral objective:- By the end of the lesson, the pupils should have attained the following objectives (cognitive, affective and psychomotor) and should be able to –

1. State the meaning of weed

2. Name the common weeds in their area

3. List the ways in which weeds are harmful to crops

4. List the common methods of controlling weeds 

Instructional material/Reference material:-  Learn Africa Basic Science UBE edition for primary school book 4, picture, chart.

Building Background /connection to prior knowledge : Students have seen various plants around them

CONTENT

PLANT: WEEDS

Weeds may be defined as unwanted plants growing in an unwanted place. There are weeds in farms, school flower garden, football fields and even around homes.  Some scientists also describe weeds as volunteer plants, which means that such plants chose to grow where they do by themselves.

IMPORTANCE OF WEEDS

Weeds are harmful to crops in the following ways:

1.    Weeds occupy the space intended for crops.

2.    Weeds absorb water meant for crops from the soil.

3.    Weeds absorb fertilizers meant for crops from the soil

4.    In addition to the harm that weeds do to crops, the farmer also spends money in removing them. This increases the cost of production.

CONTROL OF WEEDS

1.    Biological control

Living things such as grasshoppers or other animals eat up the weeds and reduce their effect. For example:

a) A farmer may weed the farm.

b) A farmer may plant crops at intervals that are just sufficient. Over-spacing crops creates room for weeds.

c) The farmer may select a variety of crop that has a big shade. This shade does not allow weeds to grow under the crop. An example is cassava. There are now improved varieties of cassava that spread their branches and leaves, and create a shade that controls weeds.

2.    Cultural control

Cultural control of weeds includes all the things that a farmer does in normal farm practice to kill the weeds.

3.    Chemical control

This is the use of chemicals to control (kill) weeds. Some of these chemicals are sprayed before planting the crops. Some chemicals are sprayed after planting the crops. Chemical control of weeds has some disadvantages which will now be discussed.

Side effects of chemical control of weeds

1.    Weed killers may kill; useful living things in the farm such as earthworms.

2.    Weed killers, as they are sprayed, get into the air and may pollute it.

3.    Weed killers may be harmful to crops

Assessment & Evaluation:

1.    State the meaning of weed?

2.    Name the common weeds in your area

3.    List the ways in which weeds are harmful to crops

4.    List the common methods of controlling weeds 

WRAP UP (CONCLUSION) Teacher goes over the topic once again for better understanding.

Assignment:

1. What is a weed?

2. Name five common weeds in your area

3. List three ways in which weeds are harmful to crops

4. List three common methods of controlling weeds 

 BASIC SCIENCE BASIC 4 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

DO YOU WANT FULL NOTE JUST FOR 800 NAIRA ONLY, 

PLEASE CLICK ON THE LINK BELOW

CLICK HERE TO CHAT WITH US ON WHATSAPP 

+2349123700105