BASIC TECH JSS1 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE
DRAWING INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS

CONTENT

1. Definition of Technical Drawing

2. Drawing Instrument and Materials

Definition of Technical Drawing

Technical drawing is a universal language used for communication among technical

people. A good and accurate drawing can only be made through constant practice

with the aid of drawing instruments and materials. Technical drawing can also be

defined as a language of communication making use of lines, curves, symbols and

conventions.

Drawing Instrument and Materials

Drawing instruments and materials for technical drawing are:

1. Drawing board

2. Tee square

3. Sets squares

4. Protractor

5. Compasses

6. Dividers

7. Drawing paper clips

8. Scale rules

9. French curves

10. Metric rules

11. Drawing paper

12. Drawing pencils

13. Eraser

14. Sharpener or blade

15. Flexi curves

16. Scale rule

17. Metal clip

18. Lettering set

BASIC TECH JSS1 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

EVALUATION

1. Define technical drawing.

2. List 10 instruments for drawing in technical drawing.

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USES OF DRAWING INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS

CONTENT

1. Uses of Drawing Instruments and Materials

Uses of Drawing Instruments and Materials

(i) A drawing board is the wooden platform on which the drawing paper is placed

before the drawing starts. The two main types are (a) full imperial size which is

812 × 585mm (b) half imperial (585 × 452mm) size.

(ii) Tee square is used for drawing horizontal or parallel lines in conjunction with

drawing board.

(iii) Drawing pencils are of different grades used for general drawing, lettering or

freehand sketching and technical or engineering drawing. We have B, 2B, 3B, 4B up

to 8B and H, 2H, 3H, 4 H up to 8H pencils.

(iv) A Compass is used for drawing circles and arcs.

(v) A Divider is used for transferring measurement from the metric rule to the drawing.

(vi) Set Squares are used to draw vertical or diagonal lines.

(vii) Drawing Papers are best held on the boards with the aid of clips or adhesive tape.

(viii) The Protractor is used for measuring and marking out angles.

(ix) Scale Rules are used to produce reduced or enlarged sizes of objects.

(x) A Metric Rule is used for drawing various types of curves.

(xi) Drawing paper is the paper on which the drawing is produced.

The common paper sizes are: A0: 841 * 1189

A1: 594 * 841

A2: 420 * 594

A3: 297 * 420

A4: 210 * 297

(xii) Eraser: A good eraser must erase cleanly without picking or tearing the

surface of the paper.

BASIC TECH JSS1 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

EVALUATION

1. What is Technical Drawing?

2. Name four types of drawing instruments.

BASIC TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING AND CARING FOR DRAWING

INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS

CONTENT

Basic Techniques of Handling;

1. Drawing Board

2. Tee-Square

3. Set-Square, Scale Rules, Protractor and French Curves

4. Pair of Compasses or Dividers

5. Other Instruments

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Introduction

We need to take care of our drawing instruments in order to prolong their service life.

Basic Techniques of Handling Drawing Board

1. Do not use pins for fastening your paper to the board, use tapes or clips.

2. Do not use blade or knife to cut something on the surface of your drawing

board.

3. Always cover the surface with cardboard or thick paper.

4. Keep the drawing board in a safe place when not in use.

BASIC TECH JSS1 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

Basic Techniques of Handling Tee-Square

1. Never use the tee-square as a walking stick or as a cane.

2. Do not use pen-knife or blade along the edge of the tee-square

3. Always hand your square when not in use.

4. Always keep your tee-square clean.

Basic Techniques of Handling Set-Square, Scale Rules, Protractor and French Curves

1. Do not use any sharp object such as razor blade or knife on their edges.

2. Keep them away from fire.

3. Always keep them in a safe place immediately after use to prevent leakage.

Basic Techniques of Handling Pair of Compasses or Dividers

1. When not in use, keep them away in a safe container.

2. Never use compasses or dividers as paper holders.

3. Do not use their needle points to punch holes.

Other Instruments

All other instruments should be kept in their packets after use. A cupboard should be

made available for complete storage of the drawing boards and all other instruments.

EVALUATION

1. Why do we need to take care of our drawing instrument?

2. How do we take care of tee-square?

3. What are the uses of (a) drawing board (b) tee-square (c) set-square

BASIC BOARD PRACTICE

CONTENT

1. Setting Drawing Paper on the Board

2. Sharpening of Drawing Pencils to Conical Point and Knife Edge

3. The Instruments Required for Good Board Practice

Setting Drawing Paper on the Board

Step 1: The drawing board is conveniently placed on the table with the paper on the

board, leaving equal size all rounds, with the Tee-square edge to the left hand side.

Step 2: Place the tee-square on the paper and gently move or slide the tee-square to

the top edge of the paper. Set the top edge of the paper parallel to the edge of the

tee-square with the stock of the tee-square firmly against the edge of the drawing

board on the left-hand side.

Step 3: Hold the paper with four pieces of adhesive tape or two metal clips to hold

the paper in position at four corners.

Step 4: Gently slide the tee-square down without moving the paper.

BASIC TECH JSS1 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

Sharpening of Drawing Pencils to Conical Point and Knife Edge

A well sharpened pencil is very essential to technical drawing. Pencils for lettering

and freehand sketching should be sharpened to a ‘conical point’ while those for

geometrical or engineering drawing should be sharpened to a ‘chisel point’.

All horizontal lines are drawn with the aid of tee-square. The set-square is used

sitting squarely on the tee-square to draw vertical lines.

BASIC TECH JSS1 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

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